1. Inquiry
HDIAC received the following technical inquiry (TI) from the USCG CWMD Program Manager, Office of Specialized Capabilities (CG-721), Coast Guard Headquarters:
Question: DECON study (Classified or UNCLASS) on MH-60 type aircraft or small boats on the effects of using standard DECON solutions (for CWA & BIO) on aircraft/small boat composite materials (skin, rotor, electronics, etc.) and the effectiveness of each solution/method (CWA/BIO) currently available for military use. Additionally, are there any health hazard studies on the DECON solutions being used on aircraft as they relate to dangers to DECON personnel (aside from the obvious CWA/TIC hazards) [1].
2. HDIAC Response
HDIAC conducted a literature search and review of the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Research & Engineering (R&E) Gateway and also sought assistance from the HDIAC subject matter expert (SME) network in the CBRN Defense and WMD technical focus areas.
3. Literature Review
A search of DTIC’s online R&E Gateway was performed to determine what reports were in the repository. A keyword search on “decontamination of composite materials” returned nearly 13,000 results ranging from information at the molecular level to decontamination of jet aircraft. Given the multifaceted nature of these questions and the 4-hour time constraint of the free TI service, the most expedient methodology for presenting the results was to cull the list of relevant returns and present them in two tables. Table 1 contains a list of studies pertaining to the decontamination of specific equipment that may be relevant to the USCG. Table 2 contains a list of studies relevant to the decontamination of materials in general.
Table 1 – Studies Pertaining to the Decontamination of Specific Equipment
|
Title / Author(s) / Organization |
Date Published/ Accession No./Distribution Statement |
| Nuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC) Contamination Survivability Analysis of the UH-60 Black Hawk Helicopter
Author(s): Nellis, Joseph C. Org: ARMY RESEARCH LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD |
2005-07-01
SURVIAC-SV-21666 D – DoD and DoD Contractors Only |
| NBC Contamination Survivability (NBCCS) of the MH-6OK Black Hawk Helicopter
Author(s): Majeski, John D., Harrington, Peter B. Org: ARMY RESEARCH LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD |
1997-04-01
ADB223347 B – US Government Access Only |
| Aircrew Respiratory Protection
Author(s): Mangelsdorf, David H., Adams, William J. Org: NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORP., LOS ANGELES, CA, LOS ANGELES DIV. |
1967-11-01
CBRNIAC-CB-054984 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Test Report for the Large-frame Aircraft Decontamination Demonstration — Material Compatibility Test
Author(s): Haddock, Ralph, Schwartz, Beryl, Westwood, Scot Org: WEST DESERT TEST CENTER, DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, UT |
2003-08-01
CBRNIAC-CB-192895 B – US Government Access Only |
| Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Contamination Survivability, Large Item Interiors
Author(s): Not available Org: U.S. ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, UT |
2016-08-03
AD1013716 A – Approved for Public Release |
| Chemical Agent Resistance of RAH-66 Comanche Materials
Author(s): Stickel, Gary A., Taylor, Kevin, Tandon, Reecha, Carroll, Warren B. Org: BATTELLE, COLUMBUS DIV., OH |
1998-01-28
CBRNIAC-CB-178003 F – Further Dissemination Only as Directed |
| Decontamination of Bioaerosols within Engineering Tolerances of Aircraft Materials
Author(s): Frazey, John S., Reynolds, Stephen Org: COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS |
2012-09-04
ADA568160 A – Approved for Public Release |
| Decontamination of Aircraft Electronic Equipment
Author(s): Kaiser, Robert Org: ENTROPIC SYSTEMS INC., WINCHESTER, MA |
2000-11-01
CBRNIAC-CB-185177 B – US Government Access Only |
| Susceptibility of Polymeric Materials to Chemical Warfare Agents Phase 1 — Aircraft Materials
Author(s): Not available Org: BATTELLE, COLUMBUS DIV., OH |
1985-11-25
CBRNIAC-CB-154794 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Contamination Survivability Analysis of the Suite of Integrated Infrared Counter-Measures (SIIRCM) System
Author(s): Smith, Brian G., McCullen, Judith T. Org: ARMY RESEARCH LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD, SURVIVABILITY LETHALITY ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE |
2002-04-01
ADB280101 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only X – Export Controlled |
| Survivability of Air Operations: Chemical/Biological Warfare Operational
Countermeasures Author(s): Kelly, Robert R. Org: LOCKHEED AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS CO., MARIETTA, GA |
1987-11-01
CBRNIAC-CB-155674 E – DoD Only |
| Final Report NBC Contamination Survivability Low Rate Initial Production Phase of NAVSTAR Global Positioning System Five-Channel Receivers, 3A, and 3S
Author(s): Not available Org: ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, UT, MATERIEL TEST DIRECTORATE |
1990-06-01
CBRNIAC-CB-187546 B – US Government Access Only |
| Decontaminating Compounds and Aircraft Materials Compatibility
Author(s): Dierks, Dayle, McShane, Henry, Tillman, Matthew, Jones, Daniel, Clark, Kenneth Org: NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV., PATUXENT RIVER, MD |
2003-10-31
ADB293703 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only 26 – Not available in Microfiche X – Export Controlled |
| Sequencing of Multiple Chemical/Biological Aircraft Decontamination Agents
Author(s): Heater, Kenneth, Ricks, Janet, Theys, Angela, Scarantine, Sonya, Anderson, Michelle Org: METSS CORP., WESTERVILLE, OH |
2011-11-01
ADB375507 B – US Government Access Only X – Export Controlled |
| Naval Aviation Chemical and Biological Survivability
Author(s): O’Connell, Jeff, Adcock, Eric, Tourison, Ken, Laughlin, Leo, Haselwood, Jack Org: BATTELLE, ARLINGTON, VA, CRYSTAL CITY OPERATIONS |
1998-04-18
CBRNIAC-CB-104926 F – Further Dissemination Only as Directed |
| Susceptibility of Aircraft Materials to Chemical Warfare Agents
Author(s): Bailey, P. E., Booton, J. D., Dick, R. J., Frank, G., Pfau, J. P. Org: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST., COLUMBUS, OH, BATTELLE PRESS |
1988-07-01
CBRNIAC-CB-015462 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Method and Apparatus for Decontamination of Sensitive Equipment
Author(s): Kaiser, Robert Org: ARGOS ASSOCIATES INC., WINCHESTER, MA |
2007-01-16
CBRNIAC-CB-065985 E – DoD Only |
| Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Contamination Survivability Assessment (CBRCSA) of the C27J Joint Cargo Aircraft (JCA)
Author(s): Davis, William G. Org: WEST DESERT TEST CENTER, DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, UT |
2010-03-01
ADB358849 B – US Government Access Only |
| Combined Report of the NBC Contamination Survivability of NAVSTAR Ground Positioning System One-Channel Manpack/Vehicle Receiver, the Two-channel Aircraft Receiver, and the Five-channel Nondevelopmental Item Receiver
Author(s): Lowe, Randy, Hansen, Lee Org: ANDRULIS RESEARCH CORP., SALT LAKE CITY, UT |
90-07-01
CBRNIAC-CB-019254 B – US Government Access Only |
| Chemical and Biological Defense NATOPS Manual (Final)
Author(s): Horne, Phillip, Schmidt, Gregory Org: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST., JACKSONVILLE, NC |
2004-10-01
CBRNIAC-CB-070330 F – Further Dissemination Only as Directed |
| Chemical Biological Defense Program Materials Compatibility Testing: Experimental Aircraft Decontaminant
Author(s): Heater, Kenneth, Bigg, Donald, Theys, Angela, Badowski, Dan, Banks, Anne, Sanders, Joe Org: METSS CORP., WESTERVILLE, OH |
2006-05-01
ADB331000 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only X – Export Controlled |
| Testing of Agents and Decontaminants with Composite Materials and Electronic-Associated Materials
Author(s): Ponder, Morgan C., Spafford, Ralph B., Rice, Gregory C., Dagenhart, Gary S. Org: CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD |
1987-09-01
ADB117048 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Treatment of Aircraft Panels with a Representative Soil Loading
Author(s): France, Brian, Ellis, Wallace Org: TDA RESEARCH INC WHEAT RIDGE CO., WHEAT RIDGE, CO |
2013-07-31
AD1055530 B – US Government Access Only X – Export Controlled |
| Effects of Chemical Warfare Agents and Decontaminants on Selected Weapons Systems and Metal Alloys
Author(s): Kohlbeck, Joseph Org: ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, UT, JOINT OPERATIONAL TEST AND INFORMATION DIRECTORATE |
1992-02-01
CBRNIAC-CB-022308 B – US Government Access Only |
Table 2 – Studies Relevant to the Decontamination of Materials in General
|
Title / Author(s) / Organization |
Date Published/ Accession No./ Distribution Statement |
| Effects of Water and Water Impact on Composite Materials
Author(s): Montgomery, Jerry R. Org: ARMY DUGWAY PROVING GROUND, UT, TECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION OFFICE |
1988-06-01
ADB124033 B – US Government Access Only |
| Analysis of Government Data and Industry Literature for Pressurized Water Decontamination
Author(s): Tierney, James M. Org: BATTELLE, COLUMBUS DIV., OH |
1991-06-26
CBRNIAC-CB-017486 F – Further Dissemination Only as Directed |
| Assessment of Liquid and Physical Decontamination Methods for Environmental Surfaces Contaminated with Bacterial Spores: Evaluation of Spray Method Parameters and Impact of Surface Grime
Author(s): Calfee, M., Worth Org: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC, OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT |
2012-08-01
HDIAC-2036977 E – DoD Only |
| Evaluation of Expedient Decontamination Options with Activated Peroxide-Based Liquid Sporicides
Author(s): Calfee, M., Worth Org: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC, OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT |
2013-03-01
HDIAC-2062640 A – Approved for Public Release |
| Evaluation of a Commercial Copolymer for Decontamination
Author(s): CUGINI, Anthony V., Baker, Howard G. Org: PENTEK INC., CORAOPOLIS, PA |
1986-10-01
ADB107053 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Enzyme-Polymers for Nerve Agent Decontamination
Author(s): LeJeune, Keith E. Org: AGENTASE, PITTSBURGH, PA |
2002-01-01
CBRNIAC-CB-188015 B – US Government Access Only |
| Chemical Contamination Survivability: The Decontaminability of Materiel and Materials [Including Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC)
Author(s): Kaufman, Matthew Org: ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD |
1995-12-12
CBRNIAC-CB-015515 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Nanoscale Smart Coatings for Biological and Chemical Decontamination. Author(s): Dinu, C. Z., Zhu, G., Borkar, I., Pangule, R. C., Bale, S. S., Kane, R. S., Dordick, J. S.
Org: RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY |
2009-11-16
CBRNIAC-CB-156296 A – Approved for Public Release |
| Optimization of Process Parameters for the Removal of Chemical Warfare Agents from Surfaces Using a Gaseous Decontamination System
Author(s): Nickol, Robert G., Dworzanski, Jacek P. Org: SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP., GUNPOWDER, MD |
2011-06-01
ADB372200 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Systems and Strippable Coatings for Decontaminating Structures that Include Porous Material.
Author(s): Fox, Robert, V., Avci, Recep, Groenewold, Gary, S. Org: BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE, LLC, IDAHO FALLS, ID |
2011-12-06
HDIAC-2057777 A – Approved for Public Release |
| The Effects of Threat Biological Warfare Agents on US Air Force Materials
Author(s): Provens, Timothy G., Greer, William T., Barnhart, Michael D. Org: METSS CORP., WESTERVILLE, OH |
2014-03-01
ADB408378 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only X – Export Controlled |
| Compatibility of Plastics with Components of Decontaminating Solutions as Determined by Immersion Testing
Author(s): Quinn, Harry M., Davis, George T., Wilcher, Iris Org: ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD, CHEMICAL SYSTEMS LAB |
1981-03-01
ADB057174 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only 23 – Document Partially Illegible X – Export Controlled |
| Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Decontamination Techniques
Author(s): Robitaille, Joseph L., Smith, Jill H. Org: ARMY BALLISTIC RESEARCH LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD |
1980-04-01
ADB050331 C – US Government Agencies and their Contractors only |
| Chemical Warfare Agents and their Interactions with Solid Surfaces
Author(s): Gorzkowska-Sobas, Agnieszka, Anna Org: NORWEGIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT KJELLER |
2013-03-01
HDIAC-2055824 A – Approved for Public Release |
| Hazards and Disposal of Persistent Chemical Agents on Beaches
Author(s): Not available Org: CHEMICAL CORPS TECHNICAL COMMAND ARMY CHEMICAL CENTER, MD |
1944-02-26
CBRNIAC-CB-184365 E – DoD Only |
| Inactivation of Aerosolized Biological Agents using Filled Nanocomposite Materials
Author(s): Grinshpun, S. A., Schoenitz, M., Dreizin, E., Adhikari, A., Reponen, T., Yermakov, M. Org: CINCINNATI UNIV., OH |
2013-02-01
ADA574012 A – Approved for Public Release |
The documents listed in Tables 1 and 2 vary in their distribution statements. Files of interest (based on their distribution statement) may be provided by HDIAC to the agency via the DoD SAFE file transfer system following confirmation of a valid .mil or .gov email address.
4. HDIAC SME Network Assistance
The HDIAC SME network is one of the Center’s most valuable resources, as it provides a body of knowledge and depth of experience that is far greater than any single person or entity. From time to time, the HDIAC SME network is sought out to assist in answering a TI. This inquiry, requesting assistance in determining the most up-to-date data for chemical compounds, is the type of inquiry that benefits from reaching out to the SME network for their thoughts on the most current information available. The responses from the SME network were reviewed for their applicability and are provided as follows:
- Mr. Kevin Morrissey (Chief, Decontamination Sciences Branch, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center (CBC)) brought up several possibilities that may be of interest [2]:
- The Joint Biological Agent Decontamination System (JBADS) system which uses utilized hot/moist air to decontaminate bio-agents and has been demonstrated to work on aircraft.
- Dahlgren Decon™, which is a three-component decontamination solution to decontaminate chemical warfare agents, toxic materials, and other emerging threats. Mr. Morrissey let us know that a report is in the publication process that evaluates the efficacy of Dahlgren Decon when used to decontaminate select exterior naval surfaces (naval topcoat, anti-skid, etc.). He anticipates this report will be published by the end of November.
- Seawater – while not a decontamination solution, the CCDC CBC has conducted multiple studies on the effectiveness of spraying seawater on exterior naval surfaces as a means to mitigate CWA hazards. In both cases, we have not evaluated the impact on rotors or electronics when using these hazard mitigation approaches, but he is willing to provide the studies if you are interested.
- The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) exists to manage our nation’s investments in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense equipment. Its website hosts a resource center (https://www.jpeocbrnd.osd.mil/resource-center) that includes the CBRN Resource Library and the Joint Acquisition CBRN Knowledge System (JACKS), which is the web-based U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) knowledge management system for information related to the acquisition and support of CBRN defense products.
Acknowledgments
HDIAC would like to acknowledge the following member of the HDIAC SME network for his contributions in the preparation of this report:
- Mr. Kevin Morrissey (Chief, Decontamination Sciences Branch, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command [CCDC] Chemical Biological Center [CBC])
References
[1] T. Murphy. Decontamination Studies, email correspondence, October 19, 2020.
[2] K. Morrissey. Technical Inquiry from the U.S. Coast Guard Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office, email correspondence, October 21, 2020.